Like a simple cell, a complex cell will respond primarily to oriented edges and gratings, however it has a degree of spatial invariance. This means that its receptive field cannot be mapped into …

Oct 29, 2023 · Researchers have proposed various hypotheses, but it is only recently, with some new tools and techniques, that cell biologists have been able to investigate the beginnings of …

Jun 18, 2025 · The defining feature of a complex, or eukaryotic, cell is the presence of a true nucleus, an organelle enclosed by a double membrane that houses the cell’s genetic material.

Complex cells form the second major class of cells originally described by Hubel and Wiesel. Like simple cells, complex cells are selective for bars presented at a preferred orientation in the …

commonly called a cell complex. Abstract graphs (as branched 1-manifolds) are examples of cell complexes, as are polygonal schemata, quadrilateral and hexahedral meshes, and 3d …

In a network model with selective cortical amplification, neurons exhibit simple-cell responses when recurrent connections are weak and complex-cell responses when they are strong, …

Complex cells are also neurons in V1 that respond optimally to a stimulus with a particular orientation. But, unlike simple cells, they respond to a variety of stimuli across different locations.

Nov 5, 2024 · This paper presents an approach to understanding the complex workings of cells, looking beyond single molecules and focusing on how various parts of a cell interact.

We introduce the notion of a real complex cell C, which we refer to in this paper simply as real cells (but note that these are subsets of C‘). We also de ne the notion of real part of a real cell …

May 10, 2025 · An international team of four senior scientists from Mainz, Valencia, Madrid, and Zurich has published groundbreaking research in the journal PNAS that explores one of the …