which explains gravity and helps us understand vast distances of space. The answer, in its simplest terms, is that the mathematics governing the two-dimensional plane gives rise to the laws of general ...

Two-dimensional materials are substances with a thickness of a few nanometres or less. Electrons in these materials are free to move in the two-dimensional plane, but their restricted motion in ...

In conventional three-dimensional (3D) systems, phase transitions ... However, pioneering work in the 1970s predicted that two-dimensional (2D) systems could host a unique topological phase ...