This is called a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). The lymph nodes may shrink after having chemotherapy. But they may not disappear completely. After chemotherapy you have a CT scan. If ...

Intraoperative frozen biopsy and sentinel lymph nodes technique have not shown sufficient accuracy to avoid extended lymphadenectomy, due to the significant rates of skip lymphatic metastasis.

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Subsequently, a CT-guided biopsy of one of the retroperitoneal masses resulted in the diagnosis of a metastatic malignant germ cell tumour (figure 3). The profile with negative markers of ...