Mitochondria and chloroplasts likely evolved from engulfed prokaryotes that once lived as independent organisms. At some point, a eukaryotic cell engulfed an aerobic prokaryote, which then formed ...

Like mitochondria, chloroplasts are surrounded by two membranes. The outer membrane is permeable to small organic molecules, whereas the inner membrane is less permeable and studded with transport ...

Mitochondria are compartments -- so-called "organelles" -- in our cells that provide the chemical energy supply we need to move, think, and live. Chloroplasts are organelles in plants and algae ...

"The role of variation in chloroplasts and mitochondria, particularly in energy production and photosynthesis, is something that could not be studied before—but now it can," explains Mark Aarts ...

What was once an independent microbe was now the chloroplast: the cellular structure, or organelle, that plant cells use to photosynthesize . They've been together ever since, an absorption known as ...

Malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes catalyzing the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate are highly active enzymes in mitochondria, in peroxisomes, in chloroplasts, and in the cytosol. Determination of the ...

Mitochondria were isolated from the two fractions by differential centrifugation and Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The enrichment of mitochondria relative to chloroplast material was about ...