Adults who require cardiac transplantation usually have a primary diagnosis of end-stage coronary artery ... renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activity. Low blood flow to the kidneys stimulates the ...

These noninvasive tests can be divided into those that rely upon an assessment of the functional (or physiologic) effects of a renal artery lesion ... that affect the renin-angiotensin system.

CO indicates cardiac output; CVP, central venous pressure; PA, pulmonary artery; and RV, right ventricular ... 16 Furthermore, the reduced CO causes inadequate renal perfusion, prompting renin release ...