The role of IgG4 in the pathogenesis of IgG4-related disease remains unclear, particularly regarding whether IgG4 actively induces histopathological changes or if its elevation is merely a byproduct ...

Introduction: With growing role of minimally invasive surgery, laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation (LUR) and robotic ureteral reimplantation (RALUR) have gained popularity in pediatric vesicoureteral ...

Purpose: To compare the external validation of four existing scoring systems for encrusted ureteral stents (EUS) and their relationship with stent indwelling time, stone-free rates, multiple surgery ...

As judged from his history, the patient initially appeared to have acute kidney injury (AKI) that was due to lower urinary tract obstruction, resulting in urinary retention with overflow ...