China: seeds ground into flour and baked into cakes. Young leafy shoots thoroughly boiled and washed to remove bitter element, possibly tannin, as the plant is an active styptic. Manchuria: leaves ...

1. Species of Xanthium found commonly on the shores of the St. Lawrence River at Montreal are X. italicum Mor., X. pennsylvanicum Wallr., X. inflexum Mack. & Bush, and a form thought to be X.