This results in an action potential and generation of a pain impulse. The transmission process occurs in three stages. The pain impulse is transmitted: from the site of transduction along the ...

Here we show that in response to matrix rigidity and density, force transmission and transduction are explained by the mechanical properties of the actin–talin–integrin–fibronectin clutch.

How cells sense and respond to chemical messages -- a process known as signal transduction -- is a fundamental force in biology, controlling key processes such as cell growth and immune response.