Most precision digital multimeters (DMMs) and many source measurement units (SMUs) offer both two-wire and four-wire resistance measurement capabilities. However, these two techniques are not equally ...

999997 mV. Modern devices probably have at least 10 times that resistance which makes the difference truly negligible. This is the basis of the four-wire, or Kelvin measurement. Two wires push ...

We liked [Tom’s] advice from his old instructor: you aren’t really ever measuring a resistance. You are measuring a voltage and a current. With a four-wire measurement, one pair of wires ...

2 correspond to a device with two 2-µm-wide 2DEG probes. The resistance between each probe and wire is about 250 kΩ (not shown) indicating that their invasiveness is merely about 4%.

At 28nm and below, both cell delays and wire width are reduced, making the impact of wire/via resistance even more critical to the chip tape out. Simulations with larger wire delays affect transition ...