Panel B shows the estimated velocity of blood flow in excess of 900 cm per second in the left renal artery near the aortic ostium; 90% stenosis was confirmed angiographically. The angiographically ...

If RAS was localized in the ostium of the renal artery ‘ostial’ stenosis was diagnosed. Fibromuscular dysplasia was identified as the cause of RAS when multiple stenoses and the ‘string-of ...

Panel C shows the typical appearance of atherosclerotic renal-artery stenosis, involving the ostium and proximal third of the left renal artery (arrows). After angioplasty, there was residual ...