After performing the test over 1.5 million times ... and NADPH — both of which are required in the next stage of photosynthesis in the Calvin cycle. The "electron hole" in the original ...

During the light, provided the rate of photosynthesis is sufficiently high ... The hydrogen is needed for the second stage of reactions and the oxygen is released by the plant as a waste product.

Although this final stage doesn’t need light, it does need the products of the light-dependent reactions, which don’t last for very long inside plant cells. So photosynthesis really only ...

Now, new fossils described by a team at the University of Liège push unambiguous evidence of photosynthesis back over a billion years to 1.7 billion years ago. The work relies on the ...

which made photosynthesis more efficient, first evolved, says Kevin Boyce at Stanford University in California. We can now date this diversification to at least 1.75 billion years ago, he says.