Engravings in Arabic and Ottoman Turkish at the Namika Hanim fountain (MEE/Kenan Cruz Cilli) Only a tiny group of Muslims who retained foreign citizenship were allowed to remain in the city.

Inspired by his Armenian roots, Bicakci is renowned for his Byzantine and Ottoman styles ... miniature sculptures, engraving and more -- and combined them beautifully in his watches.

One of the greatest empires in history, the Ottomans reigned for more than 600 years before crumbling on the battlefields of World War I. The tughra (insignia) of the 16th-century Ottoman emperor ...

Sponsor Message Many have been extensively studied, but not the Ottoman Turkish documents, products of an occupying bureaucracy that ruled northern Greece from the late 14th century — well ...