The ability to identify an abnormality on the 12-lead ECG, suggestive of underlying cardiac disease associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD), is based on a sound working knowledge of the normal ...

Normal E/A ratio of about 1:2 in an elderly patient with aortic stenosis and left ventricular hypertrophy is indicative of pseudo-normalization (see Figure 7). PW=pulsed wave; MV DT=mitral valve ...