Additionally, many tribes signed treaties with the Confederacy for protection after the federal government pulled troops out of Indian Territory and Fort Smith when the state of Arkansas seceded ...

Senator POMEROY, of Kansas, submitted a proposition to remove all of the semi-civilized tribes in Kansas, and elsewhere in the West, to the Indian Territory ... white men of Arkansas and Missouri.

Over time, the lone cabins grew into small towns along the rivers and by the old Indian ... the territory in the name of France. The first permanent European settlement in what is now Arkansas ...

The census of 1860 affords an illustration of the so-called civilizing efforts among the Indians west of Arkansas ... are settled in large numbers in the territory, and wield a preponderatory ...