In 1869 the Russian Empire established a foothold in present-day Turkmenistan with the foundation of the Caspian Sea port of Krasnovodsk (now Turkmenbashy). From there and other points ...

Turkmenbashi, formerly known as Krasnovodsk, is now named after the self-given title to Saparamurat Niyazov, the autocratic President for life of Turkmenistan, who died in 2006. Turkmenistan ...