With America’s constitution undergoing a stress test, it’s important to revisit and understand its fundamental structure and ...

Article VII and the Post-Constitutional Confederation, 78 NOTRE DAME L. REV. 83 (2002) Gary Lawson & Guy Seidman, When Did the Constitution Become Law?, 77 NOTRE DAME L. REV. 1 (2001) ...

The states, still a confederation ... Articles of Confederation in 1777, they did not yet exist as a united nation. Each state retained individual sovereignty and operated under its own constitution.

Hamilton did not attend ... by criticism of the weak Articles of Confederation. In later pieces, Madison and Hamilton defended the strong government outlined in the Constitution, though the ...

...all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States.... Among the unsatisfactory aspects of the Confederation government were its inability to regulate interstate and ...