This Selected Issues Paper revisits fiscal multipliers for Estonia with a view to highlighting policy trade-offs and providing growth-friendly options for fiscal consolidation. The pandemic triggered ...

The lack of a standardized framework to report fiscal multipliers limits comparisons across studies, budgetary items, or countries. Within a unified analytical framework (using a panel of 177 ...

Discover how fiscal neutrality affects budget, demand, and economic actions without altering government deficits or surpluses. Gain insights with real-world examples.

The United States has implemented large-scale fiscal policy measures to help households and businesses cushion the economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic and to strengthen the recovery. The ...