Figure 3 summarizes the multiple estrogen-receptor signal-transduction pathways, emphasizing effects associated with increased proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. Table 3 lists selected ...

Estrogen signaling was responsible for immunosuppressive ... how ERα is responsible for enhancing the activity of multiple pathways that are already associated with cancer development.

In the case of the nonnuclear estrogen-signaling pathway (right-hand panel), cell-membrane estrogen receptors are located in cell-membrane invaginations called caveolae. Their activity is linked ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible inflammatory lung disease. Studies have shown that ...

The model, which is being built in modules, is designed to understand estrogen signaling in breast cancer ... designed to shut down this growth pathway are not as successful as simpler, human ...

Estrogen inhibition pathways include the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and ER-substance P signaling pathways. Estrogen activation pathways include the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K ...

Further analysis of estrogen deficiency-associated proteins ... of inhibition and activation across IPA-defined canonical signaling pathways and physiological functional analysis, which were ...

“We think we have identified a new pathway by which the brain regulates bone density ... The authors hypothesized that estrogen must normally signal these neurons to shift energy away from bone growth ...

While it decreases estrogen signaling in the tumor ... how ERα is responsible for enhancing the activity of multiple pathways that are already associated with cancer development.