In a general sense, the term “curtain wall” refers to an exterior wall that does not support loads other than its own weight. Curtain walls are therefore nonstructural, and serve solely to protect the ...

One of the greatest threats to a building’s structural integrity is water, which, when it makes its way into places it does not belong, can cause extensive damage that requires costly repairs. If the ...

Building facades are no longer simple exterior walls. In modern architecture, the facade is a highly engineered system that controls light, heat, safety, and visual identity. It is the first element ...

The building envelope, the barrier between the interior and exterior environments, plays a central role in enhancing energy efficiency, occupant comfort, and overall building performance. In both ...

Data centers are among the most energy-intensive and operationally sensitive building types. This course equips architects and building envelope consultants with the knowledge to design resilient, ...

At GWWO, the evaluation of the building envelope starts early in the design process. We believe that an interdisciplinary approach to design is inclusive of building systems and is essential to ...

Rising demands for energy efficiency, technical functionality, and interior comfort in buildings necessitate the development of more efficient building envelope constructions. The building envelope ...